A map showing the extent of the People's State of Bavaria’s territory in February, 1919. Source
Read Time: ~10-15 minutes
Written on August 10, 2023
Hi everyone. I want to make a point. I need to make a point, and I’m going to do so by telling you all a story. This story is about a man. I’m pretty sure that you all have heard about this man, but I can almost guarantee that you haven’t heard this story before. So, let’s begin.
Our story begins in Bavaria, a region in Germany, in February of the year 1919 AD.
Let me provide some context as to what happened to Germany just before our story so you can better understand the situation in Bavaria in 1919. A few months before, the German emperor (Kaiser Wilhelm II) abdicated his throne and went into exile. In the aftermath of the collapse of the Imperial German regime – in combination with numerous mutinies erupting throughout the German military – a newly formed republican government (which we now call the “Weimar Republic” today) signed an armistice with the Allied Powers (which German and its Central Power allies had been fighting a brutal world war with for over four years) on November 11, 1918. The combination of
…caused German society to effectively collapse.
Just as had happened to Russia a year prior, revolution erupted in Germany. While some German regions escaped the calamities of what we now called the “German Revolution of 1918”, much of Germany was subsumed by a breakdown of civil order and revolutionary fervor. Unlike Russia, the leftist revolutionaries who attempted to seize power ultimately failed. Ragtag militias (made up mostly of German World War I veterans) called the “Freikorps” (“Free Corps” in English) eventually organized en masse and (brutally) put down the fantastical hopes of radical German socialists and communists.
Freikorps soldiers in Berlin in 1919. Source
HOWEVER, it took time for the Freikorps to do so. For example, the Spartacist Uprising in Berlin took place in early January of 1919. In between the initial chaos that followed the wake of Germany’s defeat in 1918 and the eventual military campaigns conducted by the Freikorps, some German revolutionaries actually managed to establish short-lived, breakaway socialist republics separate from the Weimar Republic in Berlin. Bavaria was one of those regions.
A scene of a street battle during the Spartacist Uprising in Berlin in January, 1919. Source
Fighters taking position by Brandenburg Gate in Berlin in 1919 during the Spartacist Uprising. Source
In November of 1918, a German journalist and socialist ideologue named Kurt Eisner managed to energize a crowd of both soldiers and civilians in the Bavarian capital of Munich (“München” in German) to overthrow the ruling Wittelsbach Dynasty of the Kingdom of Bavaria (Bavaria was a constituent kingdom within the German Empire) and establish the “People's State of Bavaria” (“Volksstaat Bayern” in German).
Photograph of Kurt Eisner, 1st Minister President of the People's State of Bavaria. Source
I’m not going to get into the ideology of the People’s State of Bavaria nor the effectiveness of its bureaucratic system, as neither are important for this story. All you need to know about Kurt Eisner is that a reactionary nationalist assassinated him in Munich on February 21, 1919. A few days later, a state funeral was held for him.
Now, Eisner is not the man of this story. Because the People’s State of Bavaria collapsed shortly after his death, Eisner did not have a lasting political legacy and is thus historically irrelevant for the most part.
No, the man of this story is not Eisner, but a young man who marched in the state funeral held for Eisner in late February of 1919. What is interesting about this man is not only was he still serving as a German soldier at the time, but in archival footage of Eisner’s funeral, he can be seen wearing what appears to be a red armband over his regimental military uniform. This signifies that this man openly supported international socialism, if not outright sympathized with the Bolsheviks in Russia.
And historians argue that the man seen in the film of Eisner’s funeral is indeed the man in question, as he looks very similar in that funeral procession to how he looked like when he was fighting on the Western Front in France just a year prior.
So, who was this man?
His name was Adolf Hitler.
Yes, that Adolf Hitler. The Nazi Adolf Hitler. The Adolf Hitler who, in 1933, became “der Führer und Reichskanzler” of “des Deutschen Dritten Reiches”. Yes, that Hitler.
Lance Corporal Adolf Hitler with some of his comrades in France during World War I. Source
To see the footage of Hitler marching Kurt Eisner’s in 1919, click here (scroll to 12:00). Alternatively, if you can understand German, you watch the footage here. If, for whatever reason, YouTube decides to take down either video, you can still see the footage here (but without the soothing narration of a man with a calm British accent).
Okay, so why is this interesting? Well, for one, it shows that as late as 1919, Hitler – contrary to the myth (that he invented) that he was a dedicated anti-communist throughout his life – actually supported internationalist left-wing ideals, if not somewhat aligned with the communists of the Russian Revolution.
It’s worth noting that shortly after Eisner died, a faction of German communists overthrew the People’s State of Bavaria and established the “Bavarian Soviet Republic” (“Räterepublik Baiern” in German). I have not yet found evidence that Hitler actively resisted the Bolshevik-sympathizing, communist Bavarian Soviet Republic after it was established in April of 1919, nor that he actively contributed to the Freikorps conquest of Munich in May of that year (in fact, the opposite – scroll to 12:50).
If you know your history, this should be an incredible fact. It should be an incredible fact, because only four years later, in 1923, Hitler and a small army of Nazi goons tried to overthrow the Weimar Republic by initiating a coup d’état in Munich in what is now called the “Beer Hall Putsch” (which failed). This means that the assumptions that Hitler [1] had hardened Nazi ideological sympathies years before he became leader of the party or [2] he gradually became a Nazi over time are untrue. It means that, essentially, within the short period of four years (in fact, even earlier), Hitler experienced an accelerated Nazification process that transformed him from a sympathizer of internationalist left-wing radicalism to a hardened believer of German racial superiority.
If that doesn’t spike your interest, maybe this will: As late as 1919, Hitler actually had no reason to be an anti-Semite. Hitler had no personal vendettas against the Jewish people, as illustrated by the following four facts:
A photograph of Dr. Eduard Bloch, the Austrian Jewish doctor who served Hitler’s family. Source
A photograph of Leutnant (Lieutenant) Hugo Gutmann, the German Jewish officer who recommended Adolf Hitler for the Iron Cross (which he also received and is wearing here) during World War I. Source
So, as late as 1919, just a couple years before he became the Nazi leader we’ve come to know and love ( /s ), Hitler was actually an active left-wing sympathizer with personal (and beneficial) connections to Jews living in the German-speaking world. So, what happened to him?
For this, we arguably actually have to briefly go back further to Hitler’s childhood. Hitler’s father, Alois Hitler, was an uneducated drunk who physically abused his wife (Klara) and his children. The only good thing that can, perhaps, be said that Alois did for Hitler was that he died relatively early in young Adolf’s life in 1903. Whatever respite and relief Adolf experienced after his father died, it did not last. In 1907, Klara – perhaps the only woman Hitler ever truly loved – became seriously ill. Due to a botched surgery performed by another doctor, by the time Eduard Bloch tried to help Klara it was too late for her. She died in December of that year, and her death broke Adolf’s heart.
A photograph of Alois Hitler, Adolf Hitler’s father. Source
A portrait of Klara Hitler, Adolf Hitler’s mother. Source
This is all to say that, from very early on in his childhood, Hitler was an emotionally traumatized wreck of a human being. This is further exemplified when in 1907 (the same year his mother died), Hitler was rejected from the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. I’m no art critique, so I can’t really comment on the quality of Hitler’s art. What does seem apparent to me is that Hitler was so surprised and distraught by the rejection – his own existential nature as a human being was so challenged by the refusal to allow him entry to Austria’s most prestigious art school – that it seems that he never psychologically recovered.
The Rector of the Academy of Fine Arts tried to console Hitler about his rejection, informing that he while he lacked the talent for painting, he had clear suitability as an architect. Despite the Rector’s words, Hitler never applied for architecture school. He should have become a damn architect.
“Munich Royal Hofbräuhaus”, a painting by Adolf Hitler from ~1913. Source
“Roma. S. Giovanni in Laterano”, a painting by Adolf Hitler from ~1910. Source
Jumping back to 1919, after the fall of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, Hitler was left with little to nothing. He had no home (other than his military barracks), little money, no one who really loved/cared about him, and now - with the crushing defeat of both Germany in World War I and the German Revolution – nothing in particular to live for.
According to one of Hitler’s military colleagues at the time, Adolf was like a “stray dog searching for a new master”. In other words, Hitler was both a literal and an ideological orphan.
So, you may be wondering, “How did Hitler become a Nazi?”
Well, long story short, after the German Revolution died, German military intelligence assigned Hitler (still a soldier) to go an investigate a small band of political extremists, in case they also harbored aspirations for a violent political revolution. At the time, this group was called the “German Workers’ Party”. They eventually changed their name to the “National Socialist German Workers’ Party” (“Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei” in German), or “Nazis” for short.
Much to (perhaps) Hitler’s surprise, the Nazis did not treat him with suspicion or contempt, but actually welcomed him. They welcomed him to join their meetings, asked him to share his ideas, and eventually even encouraged him to start speaking at meetings. In other words, they were friendly to him.
It was at these initial, low-level Nazi meetings in various pubs in Munich that Hitler discovered that he had a talent for oratory deliverance and public-speaking, which the Nazis likewise quickly recognized and used to attract new followers. By 1921, Hitler had garnered enough influence within the rapidly-growing Nazi movement that he became the head of a paramilitary Nazi faction that eventually came to be called the “Schutzstaffel”, or “SS” for short.
Adolf Hitler (seen wearing his Iron Cross) saluting Nazi stormtroopers sometime in the 1920’s. Source
Why am I saying this?
I’m saying this, because I want to emphasize that Hitler became a Nazi not particularly out of ideological zeal or deliberate political intention, but rather because he randomly came across the Nazi movement by coincidence. He randomly wandered into the Nazis in Munich after World War I, and discovered that they were offering him things that no one else at the time was offering:
In fact, it’s not only Hitler who became a Nazi like this. Scholar Sheri Berman makes a highly fascinating point in her article, “Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic” that the Nazi-variant of fascism only managed to gain traction and rapidly grow from fringe meetings in random beer pubs in Munich to a national movement in Germany because it was so willing to invite and interact with people (mainly men) who otherwise felt they had no place in post-war Germany. The Nazis were willing to do something many other elements in German society were unwilling and/or incapable of doing. The Nazis reached out to politically disillusioned, socially isolated, and emotionally fragile men – many of whom were World War I veterans with combat experience – and gave them something of incredible value: the opportunity to build community and make friends.
Berman argues that - contrary to the assumption in America and elsewhere that civil society helps constrain authoritarianism - the active civil society in Germany during the 1920’s actually helped nurture fascism.
LET’S BE CLEAR: By no means does Hitler’s traumatic past and childhood upbring – no matter how much of a sob story it may be – excuse his later and eventual actions. Hitler, and his depraved band of Nazi followers, started a chain reaction of events that eventually destroyed or subsumed the lives of tens of millions of Slavs, Jews, Roma people, homosexuals, and many others. Many others including – yes – millions of ethnic Germans.
This said, all of this – Hitler’s (brief) involvement with a socialist revolution in 1919 Bavaria, his childhood, his initial interaction with the fledgling Nazi movement – all of it indicates that what he eventually did and what eventually came to be was actually [1] very avoidable [2] demonstrates that Hitler was not a monster, but rather very human.
[1] It was all very avoidable, because if literally anyone else in German society in 1919 had reached out to, connected with, and built a friendship with Hitler, I think there’s a very good chance he would not have become as emmeshed in the Nazi movement as he did.
[2] It also demonstrates that although Hitler’s actions were completely monstrous, he himself – and probably most other Nazis in fact – were not inherently destructive sociopaths from the moment of their birth. They were not born evil. Behind the proverbial curtain of monstrosity that Hitler built for and obscured himself with was a very emotionally fragile, immature, and insecure man in desperate need for attention and love. In other words, Hitler was a “Ken”.
So, you’re probably wondering now, “How the f@ck does this have anything to do with the ‘Barbie’ movie?”
Okay, so I’ll start by saying that this whole story that I told you – Hitler marching in Eisner’s parade, his personal involvement with Jewish people, and his traumatic childhood – I already knew about this before I saw the Barbie movie. Due to various circumstances, I saw the archival footage of Hitler marching in Eisner’s funeral procession when I was in 9th grade. HOWEVER, I never put much thought it into. For the most part, I thought that Hitler’s early involvement with revolutionary international socialism and his (beneficial) interactions with Jewish individuals were somewhat amusing and bitterly sad cases of historical irony. At best, I thought that Hitler’s brief involvement with internationalist socialism and subsequent rapid transformation into a full-fledged Nazi showcased an example of how quickly a person’s values and belief-systems can completely change.
In general, I believed and adopted the perspective/theory that Adolf Hitler and most of the Nazi political elite were inherently depraved, twisted individuals suffering from delusions that brought down Germany, most of Europe, and, eventually, themselves. They suffered from mentally ill fantasies of grandeur and conquest, and they had to be militarily defeated because there was simply no other way of dealing with them. I believed that Hitler was a naturally corrupt madman who could not be reasoned with. I firmly believed this until July 29, 2023.
On July 29, 2023, I saw the “Barbie” movie. Afterwards, I began to think differently. [To read my review of the movie, please click here].
WARNING: Plot Spoilers
Okay, so around the middle of the movie “Blond Ken” (played by Ryan Gosling) discovers the idea of patriarchy in the real world, and then goes back to import and establish patriarchy back in Barbieland. However, he doesn’t do so because he is inherently evil or mentally insane, but rather because he’s a childish, boyish idiot - driven by a desperate need for attention - who doesn’t completely understand patriarchy or what he’s doing. In other words, Blond Ken was an emotionally fragile, immature, and insecure man.
This shocked me. It shocked me, because up until that point, I was under the assumption that patriarchy – a system meant to subdue, oppress, and humiliate women – results from deliberately evil actions, behaviors, and policies maintained by sociopathic men with the intention to dominate women.
It never occurred to me that patriarchy, at its core, could actually in fact be the product of the collective actions and behaviors of men suffering from emotional immaturity, existential insecurity, and an obsessive/pathological need for female attention. That shocked me.
I'll admit, it could be that this is a well-known and widely-accepted idea that I simply didn't know about it before. It could be perhaps that this whole time that I've been deluded/ignorant about this. If so, great: I've caught up.
That said, if the Barbie movie's argument of emotional immaturity and existential insecurity is indeed already an accepted public theory, what is being done about it?
Blond Ken (Ryan Gosling) in the real world, shortly before he discovers patriarchy. Source
After the movie ended, I started wondering. I started wondering, “Wait, what if this isn’t just true, but what if this is also true for other forms of oppression beyond patriarchy? What if this is true for literally most forms and strands of political terror and ideological fanaticism?”
So, then I started thinking. I started cycling through my mind everything I knew about political theory and history. I started thinking of all the different types of oppressive and/or totalitarian forms of political governance and social organization – theocracy, fascism, communism, military dictatorships, etc. I started thinking of all the most destructive and well-known autocrats of the last 100 years – Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler, Tojo, Mao, Kim Il-Sung, Pol Pot, Khomeini, Saddam Hussein, etc.
I latched onto Hitler because of all the people I listed above, I know about him the most. I know about him the most mainly because, by coincidence, I belong to the Jewish community.
So, I started thinking about Hitler and what I knew about it. I went over everything I ever learned about him, and tried to see if this Barbie movie theory – this “Immature and Insecure Ken Theory” – could actually fit. I thought about it for a while, and I started trying to connect facts to each other in a way I hadn’t done before.
I did this, and when it was over, I said to myself, “Holy shit, I think this might actually be true. Holy shit, I think the Barbie movie people are actually onto something.”
Okay, so now the story ends. I’m done with the story, and I’ll try to (concisely) tell you my main point. I’m going to try to explain why I’m writing this, and what Kenoughology stuff is about:
Hitler and the Nazis may have been defeated long ago, but other forms of ideological fanaticism – including, but not limited to Neo-Nazism – still very much exist. More importantly – there are still a lot of people (particularly young men) around today that fit the psychological profile of Hitler. There are a lot of men – particularly a lot of young men – who live lonely, socially isolated, and insecure lives today. Not just in America, but literally every nation-state on Planet Earth.
And these young men aren’t simply going to stay at home and continue living isolated lives. Emotionally fragile, socially isolated, sexually frustrated, and bitter “keyboard warriors” living in their mother’s basements are not simply going to stay in said basements. Eventually, a lot of them are going to go outside. Eventually, a lot of them are going to go outside, where they will either
This guy (probably) isn’t going to stay in mother’s basement. Source
These guys, after meeting up in the real world, are going to start talking with each other and start organizing. A lot of these “Kens” are going to
If you don’t believe me that this can happen today, I suggest you go online and look up what happened at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021.
On January 6, 2021, these guys decided that they wanted to graduate from dressing up in military gear and playing “army” in the woods to “playing” dress up and army in front of the U.S. Capitol. Source
Here’s the thing. If the Barbie movie does have a kernel of truth – and I think it does – then a lot of these men – these “Kens” – aren’t actually inherently sociopathic. They may be acting and behaving like sociopaths, but deep down they’re doing so because they feel aggrieved and a lack of love. They probably think no one cares about them.
Honestly, it would be a lot more convenient if all the people (mostly men) joining extremist and fanatical movements were actually, in fact, all naturally-born sociopaths. I would be more comfortable if this were the case, because I could be rest assured that the only way to deal with these people is to counteract their own depraved violence with even more overwhelming violence. The only option would be to wait until these guys cross a line, and then quickly and brutally crush them before they can do anything else.
Theoretically, if they’re all madmen who cannot be reasoned with, then we have no other recourse than to fight them.
Charlie Chaplain’s depiction of Hitler in his 1940 “The Great Dictator” influenced much of my pre-Barbie movie thinking of Hitler. Source
However, if they aren’t naturally-born sociopaths and in fact are “Kens” dressing up in uniforms and playing army, then there are actually more options to deal with them. If in fact they aren’t necessarily wolves in sheep’s clothing, but actually insecure and scared little boys in adult men’s clothing, we have more options than to just wait for them to act crazy and then gun them all done.
If they’re not madmen but in fact “men-children”, then theoretically they can be reasoned with. Theoretically, they can be reasoned with, because children having temper tantrums – unlike madmen suffering from psychological delusions – can be hugged, can have their hands held, and can be reassured that everything is going to be fine. They can be reassured that they are enough – that they are “Kenough”.
If this is the case, then we have other options before we need to recreate World War II. We have other options, and we are obligated to pursue those other options and see if they work. We are obligated to do so, because we owe it to their families, friends, communities, and for wider social stability (I’m going to argue that, in general, incidents of open violence in society aren’t good for social and public mental health).
In fact, we owe it to them too, even if they are Kens – even if they are Nazis – because underneath all the depravity and violence they are exhibiting/about to exhibit, they are still human beings with unique qualities, talents, and potentials. If we kill them, then they’re gone forever, and they’re not coming back.
While I just said all of that, I’ll admit that actually going out and connecting with socially isolated people with a high potential for violence will not be easy. The opposite – it will be incredibly emotionally demanding, exhausting, and likely even toxic. It’s for this reason that I will personally admit that I don’t really want to do this. I don’t want to reach out to and hang out with someone living in suburban American, and then have to listen to him complain about how he's not getting laid and how his life sucks. I don’t want to babysit anyone or play therapist.
But I also don’t know what else to do. In America at least, the government doesn’t have the authority (or will power) to preemptively force all the incels in the nation to attend therapy. Call me stupid, but I don’t think me going to a QAnon-inspired militia armed with AR-15’s and pump-action shotguns and chiding them about not seeking therapy is going to go well.
I have a sinking feeling that these guys won’t react well to being shamed for not seeking therapy. Source
Maybe, in fact, we – by which I mean the rest of society – actually have to start reaching out to and connecting with these guys. Maybe I do, in fact, have to start talking with them. Maybe I have to start listening to what their grievances, and help them feel better about themselves.
Maybe I have to – I dunno –
I dunno.
Mark Twain once (supposedly) said, “History never repeats itself, but it does often rhyme.”
If we – wider society – take some time away from whatever is otherwise keeping us busy to listen to what is being said in society, I think we’ll discover something. I think we’ll discover that a lot of talking is being done in certain social circles and political spheres. If we listen to this talking, I think we'll discover that much of it is not happy and cheerful, but rather full of grief and anguish. We don’t actually have to agree with what they’re saying – in fact we shouldn’t – but we should start to seriously recognize that these grievances exist. If we listen to these “songs”, I think we’ll discover that a lot of the "lyrics" of what is currently being "sung" rhymes with things that were being said around 100 years ago in Germany, Japan, Italy, Russia, and a few other places.
Here’s the thing: it’s not too late…yet.
If we construct a mental timeline of what happened in the world from the end of World War I to the early 1930’s, and place it parallel with a timeline of what has happened to humanity since, say, 2019, I think we’ll find a lot of (disturbing) similarities. Obviously, not every detail from 100 years ago can be compared perfectly to today. Of course, there’s a lot of differences.
But hear me out:
I’m going to go out of my way and say that the January 6 U.S. Capitol Riot was the present day-version of the Beer Hall Putsch. It was our version, in that it clearly revealed and demonstrates to us (in this case, American society) that we are now in the middle of a chain reaction of events that could, very quickly, spiral out of control.
That said, if January 6 was our version of the Beer Hall Putsch… then we actually still have time. The Beer Hall Putsch took place in 1923, but Hitler and the Nazis didn’t take power until 1933. The Proud Boys are not (yet) blackshirts or brownshirts. Assorted "Redneck Revolt" militia members are not (yet) fanatic soldiers of the Petrograd Soviet. The Oath Keepers are not (yet) the Waffen SS. Not yet.
This is not to say that political extremists will eventually take power in the U.S. On the contrary, I think liberal democracy will prevail in the end. However, these guys could very easily cause a lot of damage, destruction, and social strive in the short to medium-term if left to their own devices.
I would like some help. I’m just a random dude in my late 20’s living in a suburban neighborhood. I have limited financial means, limited time and energy, and I don’t know that many people. I am NOT asking for money or followers. Rather, I’m asking that people start thinking about what I wrote, and – if you think it makes some sense – start reaching out to people in your lives who might be vulnerable to this type of political and social pathology. If the "10 Kenough Tenets" can help, please use them.
If you don’t think they will, please find and use something else that you think might help psychologically vulnerable people step away from harming themselves or others. Maybe even share this article with others. I dunno.
Alright, I wrote and said a lot, so I’ll end now.
Before I end, let me address one final question that you might be thinking: “Daniel, did you really just write a long-ass article connecting Hitler to the Barbie movie?” To which I say: “Absolutely, yes, I did. Whatever, sue me.”
This article is the 1st part of a 2-part series on the motivation behind the Kenough movement. If you would like to have a link to the 2nd part emailed directly to your inbox, please sign up for my newsletter here. Thank you for reading!
For any questions, inquiries, or comments on this article, please email me at daniel.silverman@kenough.org
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